It is necessary to study the origin, inheritance and development of pearl counting. Let's talk about some of our ideas.

1. The definition of beads is the precondition for the discussion of beads

The bead calculation is the abbreviation of the calculation of the calculation. There are various versions of the accurate definition of the calculation of the calculation of the calculation of the calculation.

The interpretation of "the knowledge of pearl river" is: "the calculation of the calculation is a pure mental calculation without an abacus. It is a computational activity in the brain with the image and method of the pearl. "In accordance with the method of 'real abacus', the method of calculating the calculation of the beads in the' abacus' with the brain is called the calculation of the calculation."

According to zhu shian, ye zongyi and the author of "modern China's pearl river calculation", written by zhu xian-yi, an expert on both Banks of the Taiwan straits, "pearl calculating is a kind of heart algorithm." The so-called cardiac algorithm is the method of calculating directly using the mind without an abacus or any other tool. ...... Its algorithms mainly include the calculation of calculation and the calculation of the two kinds. ...... ; The latter is to imagine the abacus in the brain, and by the impressions of the beaded beads, the method of calculating the number of beads in the brain.

Joint group of zhejiang university, China science and technology university in "Abacus effects on cognitive function and neural mechanisms of research" project research report on the Abacus is that: "the Abacus (Abacus calculation) is one of China's traditional culture, Abacus Abacus (getting calculation) is one of the traditional Abacus and mental arithmetic combined with the product of long-term Abacus practice make practitioners formed his unique, with the 'beads like (Abacus imagery)" as the medium of digital perception and calculation, the abstract Numbers into intuitive calculate bead image, and use Abacus'' in your mind."

We hope that the authority can give pearl an accurate and authoritative definition.

The common people's explanation is: "the calculation of the calculation is to use the abacus in mind." This is probably the simplest and most straightforward explanation for the beads.

Whether it is "in the brain", we think it is a precondition for the calculation of the beads. Of course, the discussion of beads should be based on this.

If you have a bead, you will have a combination of the abacus and the brain. Brain count, see number of Numbers; Count the beads; The combination of the two is the "pearl brain".

The "pearl brain" has its specific time, specific conditions, specific content. The combination of the calculation and the calculation of the brain is very good. The most typical representatives are:

Use the brain to calculate the product of a single digit multiplied by the multidigit number (this one should be added later, one gulp), and add or subtract the multiplication or subtractive method on the abacus;

A list of three lines, five lines, one multi-line, discard 5, discard 9, advance in advance;

Translocation multiplication and division;

< < < < <; And so on.

Similar to the "pearl brain" and "brain counting" and so on. But as long as you are in the "digital summing" phase instead of "calculating in your head", you are not "counting your mind". Of course, it is not the content of "pearl of the mind generation and development".

The speed of operation cannot be determined whether it is a bead calculation or not. It is only the bead calculation exercise and the quick calculation method used in "calculating the abacus in the brain", which is the "calculated mental arithmetic". The discussion of the origin of beads is not groundless

In August 1983, published in the journal of the Chinese abacus Wang Lingjiu paper "try to talk about the abacus type new algorithm" is pointed out in the article "the abacus type heart algorithm is the creation of a kind of calculation method". Liu wuran's "pearl count and pearl count" published in the third issue of "pearl river and pearl counting" in 2011, made it more clear that "the pearl count is China's national treasure, and the pearl count is of course."

The two texts discuss the problems of the creation and inheritance of pearl of our country from different angles. The center of the two men's interpretation is "pearl of the mind", "pearl of the mind".

"Beads of mind", not a quick one, is "pearl count". Don't hang up with anyone who is on fire.

"Pearl of the mind", can't be used by who.

Beading is a part of the calculation, which is part of the calculation.

The popularization and development of pearl counting is the inheritance of China's pearl - counting culture, which inherits the Chinese civilization.

The generation, development and popularization of education have been discussed

For many articles involved in the development of the contemporary bead mental arithmetic, s, a lot of different formulation Wang Lingjiu, Liu Wuran with experience to express their humble opinions, wrote "series.the bead mental arithmetic of the emergence and development s division" of the article (" with the abacus abacus "3 (2010). We would like to reiterate this point and wish to discuss it.

(1) before the establishment of the association of China and pearl, the people of China were fighting for themselves

The ancient people are very good at preparing and calculating, and they are good at counting and calculating, and they have many historical records. The same is true of the modern man who is good at pearl and pearl.

We have seen the jin nan, the southeast, even the south of the south, will be able to calculate and master the case of bead mental arithmetic also many. A few examples:

Li shuquan: changzhi city, Shanxi Province. Mr. Li shuangquan, who was in the deep mountains of taihang, was a little skilled at pearl counting. In the 1950s shanxi finance and trade technical conference, with the pearl count to achieve excellent results. In 1984, wang lingjiu asked him to guide the children of Shanxi Province, jia yingfang and zhang shuping, to learn the techniques of bead mental arithmetic. They made a great deal of work with the shanxi people and made a great sensation.

In the 1970s, one of the performers in the business system of the yuncheng area was an entertainer, who could accurately report the number of the number of students who attended the event. When liu wuan, the director of the competition, personally asked him about his calculation method, he pointed to his forehead and answered, "here's an abacus," and explained: "I have an abacus in my head."

Wang shizhen, a 97-year-old expert in the national pearl river in wuhan, hubei province, is still working on the calculation of pearl beads. Wang, who worked in banking before 1949, was skilled at calculating the value of the pearl and would soon be able to calculate it and apply it to work. After 1949, especially after the establishment of the national pearl river association, wang was engaged in the research and dissemination of pearl and pearl counting. At the beginning of 1982, he was instructed to visit his school in Shanxi Province. In 1984, in guilin the coach training class of the national pearl of the people, to the national of the pearl of the country and the provincial pearl counting coach to spread the bead mental arithmetic technology.

On November 14, 1980, the finance front reported: CAI yanxiang, the head of accounting for food company in xiamen, fujian province, learned to calculate the value in 1964 when he was 15 years old, and then he practiced his mental arithmetic. Use your brain "abacus" when you are free. You can use it easily and with ease. Dozens of triple-digit, four-digit additions, three-digit and four-digit multiplication bands, and he's able to figure it out accurately and quickly. It's much faster than an experienced accountant's abacus. CAI yanxiang was in the city finance and trade system technical training to report to the performance meeting in public to do the mental calculation (bead mental arithmetic) performance, win the hall of applause.

There are many people in China who are well versed in the calculation of pearls. What we know is just a little bit, and before the beads are big, they are just starry and scattered. It is called the China pearl association before the establishment of the war.

(2) the development of contemporary pearl mental arithmetic is in three stages: rise, popularity and scientific development:

1. 1983 was the period of the emergence of "pearl mental arithmetic" organized

Jia yingfang, zhang shuping and other young players started in 1982 from the shanxi zhu association, wang lingjiu (then the coach of the provincial team) directed the bead mental arithmetic practice. In October 1983 in taiyuan was hosted by the Chinese association of the abacus "national abacus competition (taiyuan) tournament," the choice their project has the "add and subtract to calculate", "add and subtract the count," shanxi small players Jia Yingfang, shu-ping zhang is using the calculation method of abacus mental arithmetic.

At the awards conference, more than 1,000 abacus players in 26 provinces and cities in the country, and in front of the moors of the pearl river, were able to add and subtract and add and subtract to calculate the calculation of the calculated mental arithmetic. We believe that the year of 1983, as China's "pearl of the heart", is a symbol of the rise of the organization.

In 1984, the central news and film studio took the listening, calculation and integration of "pearl mental arithmetic" and incorporated it into the movie "China prodigy". In March 1984, the first training class of the national pearl - counting players was held in yuncheng, Shanxi Province. Wang lingjiu made a special introduction to the beads. In 1984, guilin by the abacus in shanxi association and the abacus association jointly organized the "national abacus player, coach class," in this learning class, shanxi Wang Lingjiu, hubei Wang Shizhen bead mental arithmetic is introduced, Jia Yingfang also made a live performance. At this time, the calculation of the calculation of the calculation of the heart has been promoted to the whole country.

"Chinese child prodigy" movie premiere in Hong Kong in 1985, Wang Lingjiu coaches and Jia Yingfang, shu-ping zhang to attend the premiere, and wireless television station in Hong Kong, Asia television made with abacus live performance. Radio Hong Kong broadcast the recording interview of jia yingfang and zhang shuping.

From 1984 to 1988, many competitors in the various national pearl counting competitions organized by the China zhuhai association used the method of bead calculation to calculate the test questions. For example, in October 1985, in the 2nd zhuhai technology competition in the country, the players of jilin province were respectively the winners of the games, the other and the subpoenas, and the chi Ming zi's mental arithmetic was up to the international level.

From 1984 to 1990, nearly 50, 000 students nationwide participated in the national pearl counting communication competition, and many of them used the bead calculation method to participate in the competition and achieved better results.

Organized pearl mental arithmetic training, education was a sign of the rise of the symbol in 1983, and it was a prairie fire in 1990.

2. Since 1991, it has been a period of great popularity

In 1991, the China association for the pearl of zhuhai lost no time in making pearl count the key project of the China pearl counting association. According to statistics, since 1991, the number of people attending the study has increased from 300,000 to 3.5 million in 2002. The pearl count education is popularizing all over the country, and various beads of mental activity have been set up in various parts of the country. Representative activities mainly include:

In 1991, the central television station "the state of god" broadcast the brilliant performance of jilin and zhejiang small players. In February 1992, the executive director of the association of China and pearl (ccig) expanded the meeting and formally named the "pearl-type mental arithmetic".

In 1992, coach wang weida of zhejiang province made a national sensation by taking small players like shen Yang to visit the United States.

In 1993, in lintong county, the "national pearl counting education experience exchange meeting";

In June 1996, the association of China and pearl held the "national popularization of pearl in China" in changchun city.

In August 1996, the "first world zhuhai congress" was held in weifang city, and more than 400 delegates from 10 countries attended the conference, which focused on promoting the world's pearl count and pearl count.

In September 1997, zhu qingying of China set the world record of "all-around" beads in the final of the fourth national pearl-counting competition in the north river.

In October 2002, Beijing established the world federation of pearl count, which became an important milestone in the development of the world's heart - counting cause.

Since 1991, all over the country have presented a popularity bead mental arithmetic, especially Shanghai abacus association in wide use in children and adolescents with abacus, gain gratifying achievement, and success has gained rich experience in teaching.

All in all, since the 1990s, it has been a period of widespread popularity.

Since 2004, it has been a period of scientific development

With the heart count in the broad masses, especially in the young children the craze. In order to more scientifically to promote bead mental arithmetic, through the research of Chinese abacus association, support the leadership of the ministry of finance, the ministry of education about and specific guidance, bead mental arithmetic for the further scientific research.

This paper mainly focuses on the research on the brain mechanism of children's mental function of developing children's intellectual potential and the research on the brain mechanism of pearl brain. All these questions are subject to expert identification. Both of these studies have shown that "education has the effect of developing children's intellectual potential".

The Chinese association of pearl river computing also asked experts to screen 34 excellent studies on comparative experimental results in China. In August 2006, the editors published the book "pearl heart count education and children's intellectual development". A number of examples listed in the book show that "education is a significant contribution to the development of children's intellectual potential."

All three of these scientific research events are the research of "calculating the abacus in mind", which is an important symbol of the "pearl mental arithmetic" entering the scientific development period.

The rise, popularity and scientific development of the pearl count make the ancient pearl count culture shine and open a wide world. We wish our hearts and minds to be more prosperous.

Author: wang lingjiu, professor of shanxi university of finance and economics