A preliminary exploration of the pearl river culture in the book of mathematical history

The sixth plenary session of the 17th CPC central committee was the first time that our party put "cultural proposition" as the theme of the central plenum, and put forward the strategy of deepening the reform of the cultural system, promoting the great development and prosperity of cultural development, and implementing the strategy of "cultural power". As an ancient and young science in China, pearl river is an important carrier of Chinese cultural heritage and communication, as well as the essence of Chinese culture. Discover the abacus the spirit of traditional culture resources, is not only the inevitable requirement to promote the development of the abacus cause, is also carry forward the development and prosperity of Chinese excellent traditional culture, the objective requirement of the advanced socialist culture. In this paper, we will discuss some of our views on the pearl - computing culture contained in the book of mathematical memory.

One, to explore the spiritual resources of the PRD culture from the three great historical figures

The word "pearl count" was first used in the book of the late eastern han dynasty by xu yue's book of digital records, which was later commented by the northern zhou. Xu yue said in the book, "liu will be wise, erudite and knowledgeable, partial and mathematical... There are many kinds of LIDS, one of them. Xu yue's statement is liu hong. According to historical records, liu hong is the mentor of xu yue. That is to say, xu yu-ji has left his teacher's knowledge of the pearl counting, which is more than 300 years. It can be seen that the three characters of liu hong, xu yue and zhen luan are inseparable from the culture of pearl river.

Liu hong, xu yue and zhen luan were distinguished mathematicians and astronomers of different times in our country. Liu hong wrote "the dry elephant calendar", "the art of obsisisio" and "nine chapters of arithmetic", etc. Xu yue wrote the historical mathematical works, such as the history of mathematical memory and the use of mathematics, and further improved the dry calendar. In the meantime, he also compiled works such as "the day and the calendar" and other works, including "five classics" (two volumes), five cao cao (five volumes) and the arithmetic of mathematics. These brilliant works have made great contributions to the mathematics and astronomy of our country, leaving us a rich cultural heritage.

Liu hong and zhen luan are both scholars and officials at different levels. The study of the scientific pursuit of the literati is reflected in the study of the study of a busy business

Liu hong and xu yue are committed to education, recruit students, disseminate academic achievements and cultivate useful talents for the country and society. At that time, famous scholars and alms zheng yun, xu yue, Yang wei and han yi were all students of liu hong. During The Three Kingdoms period, he learned from xu yue and studied mathematics and the calendar.

The three figures have created countless Numbers of human first: liu hong first proposed the precise theory of lunar motion in the history of Chinese astronomy, which laid the foundation for the theory of "lunar movement" in China. For the first time, he was a mathematician, known as the father of the reckoning. For the first time in the history of China, xu yue wrote a glorious page in the history of the world. ZhenLuan is also China's first in the history of mathematics is a study of military mathematical scholars, (embodied in the "five cao is the"), at the same time ZhenLuan annotation works is national legal school mathematics textbook sui and tang dynasties.

Imagine if there was no unwearied spirit; A spirit of lifelong learning; Can the spirit of rigorous scholarship make such a great contribution? This is also the spiritual culture that we are inheriting and carrying forward today.

Ii. The cultural connotation of "control band four time and three talent"

Xu Yue in "heritage but remember" recorded in the 14 kinds of algorithms, respectively is: integrating (plans), and two meter is too b, three just calculate, calculate the five elements, gossip, jiugong calculate calculate, master and know, count down, the head count, turtle, abacus, counting of 14 kinds of. The posterity has a lot of opinions on the evaluation of these 14 methods of calculation, according to the whole zhizhi yue examination of the county, "... Not a hundred words, but the bone chime, synovate, still the Tokyo fengbones. It means: primitive simplicity, profound truth, rigorous thinking, and style of writing of the eastern han dynasty. Involved and the nature, we are from the ancient Chinese mathematics thought in terms of the culture and the culture of yi jing of the legacy but remember the abacus: "charged with four, warp/weft three" cultural connotations.

Xu shen of the han dynasty explained the interpretation of the Numbers "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine," in the text.

1: but when the beginning is too early, the word is established in the first place.

And the number of the earth, from even one.

Third, the way of the people.

Four: Yin number also. Like a quarter.

Five: five lines also. From two, Yin and Yang are in the world between the world.

The number of yi, Yin changes to 6, is in 8.

Seven: Yang zhi is also, from a, the micro Yin from out also.

8: don't be like the back of your face. ,

The change of the Yang is also like the qu qu.

Thus it can be seen that these figures have rich ancient mathematical thought culture.

Mathematics has profound connotations in ancient China, and the ancient Chinese mathematics can think of it as a science about the laws of the universe, life and human body. In the process of the development of human culture, every culture system has its specific mathematical development and the construction mode, mathematics is the inevitable outcome of the development in a certain culture system, and specific performance of system is a kind of cultural form, different cultural traditions will form the structure of different forms of mathematics and science and technology.

"The book of changes" said: "a Yin and a Yang means." "Number five, number five. And five of them were together, and the number of days was twenty, and the number of the earth was thirty, and the number of the heaven and earth was fifty. The number of days is five: 1+3+5+7+9= 25, the land number is 2+4+6+8+10= 30, the number of the universe is 50:25 +30= 55. Number and the connotation of mathematics will, therefore, is because of different cultural connotation was excavated extension, and at the same time, the different cultural connotation of itself produces has its corresponding mathematical connotations.

About "four" and "three," in the book of changes, "four times change can be six." The rites is barking �� recluse "mentioned in the" four days, the spring and autumn winter and summer." There is a saying in zhouyi that "there are some ways, and some people have ways, and there are ways to do it, and there are three."

It can be seen that the mathematical culture of yijing is closely connected with the pearl count culture, which is a special language culture of the combination transformation of the cosmic yin-yang structure. It should not be limited to the simple number of computation, and should be transformed by the change of Yin and Yang to give play to the potential cultural functions. "Charged with four, warp/weft three" it reveals the nature of the spring and autumn winter and summer change, embodies the spirit of the unity of nature and at the same time, that is to say, the culture of the abacus is the epitome of the cultural system of the book, is the Chinese traditional culture.

3. The cultural connotation of "five pearls, one pearl and the next four beads" in the pearl river

In the history of the history of the world, the author of the book of the history of the world, the author of the book of the history of the world, is a three-point, one-point, one-point, one-point, one-point position. Five beads each, the last ball and the next four beads. The beaded beads on it are five. The next four beads, each one. To the next four pearls, so cloud control band four. The beads swam among the three, so the cloud was three - that is the calculation of the mathematical memory. Qiqi tushuo caused much controversy in the abacus calculation, because only the text introduction, not calculate pattern, its history, no one knows, the later generations left countless pieces of forms, rich in imagination figure, also highlights the abacus calculation and profound culture.

For the first time in the history of China's pearl counting, the last pearl was recorded on the next four pearl counting plates, and used the algorithm of "five-liter decimal". The use of the "five-litre decimal system" is an incomparable creation and characteristic of the Chinese abacus, which is the outstanding contribution of the Chinese people to the history of computing tools. The great mathematician wu wenjun once described "especially since ancient times the perfect decimal system of counting, which is the unique creation of China, is not the other ancient people in the world". Laplace, the famous French mathematician, said, "... It seems so simple today that we overlook its real achievements. But it is the simplicity of it and the great convenience of all computing to make our calculations the first of all useful inventions.

The last four pearl counting dishes recorded in the book of digital records have drawn the "river map" of one of our ancient cultures. Since ancient times, the number of dots has been used, which can be arranged into a circle graph, which appears to be the warp and weft chart. The arrangement of the arrangement, the middle of the five, the above and so on, this is the middle. Five to the left, three to the left, eight to the left. Five to the right, four to the right, nine to the right. On top of five, put two, two, seven. Under five, one, one, six. Around five, ten, in the middle. So, the number of the feet, the river map has become. See, top down, seven, two, five, one, six, ten on five. Cross look, from left to right, followed by three, five, four, eight, nine, and there are five combinations: above seven, two, six, one, below the left eight, three, right of nine and four, ten, five in the middle.

The counting beads on the abacus contains the whole mathematical relations of the river map, with the number of beads and the number of beads. From the point of addition, we can find that:

Down here, five, six, five plus one is six,

Over here, five, two, seven, five plus two is seven,

Left side, five, three, eight, five plus three is eight,

Right, five, four, nine, five plus four is nine,

In the middle, 50, 5 plus 5 is 10.

In terms of subtraction, it would be quite appropriate to go to the beads;

Down here, five, six, six minus five is one,

Over here, five, two, seven, seven minus five is two,

Left side, five, three, eight, eight minus five is three,

Right, 5, 4, 9, 9 minus 5 is 4,

In the middle, 50, 10 minus 5 is 5.

In terms of the carry order:

Down here, five, six, five plus six is one plus ten,

Over here, five, two, seven, five plus seven is two plus ten,

The left hand side, five, three, eight, five plus eight is three plus ten,

Right, five, four, nine, five plus nine is four plus ten.

Thus it can be seen that the pear-computing culture has the essence of Chinese traditional culture and its excellent traditional Chinese culture.

Across time, across space and time, we in the explore of the heritage, but the abacus calculation, algorithm in theorem, the Chinese abacus master li xin on the abacus calculation with abacus 2010.3 magazine published in the "three big turning point in history of the abacus" let us know the article "the grandeur of liu hong, speak out similar to contemporary" the five beads, beads and under four bead ", the so-called "a", same as today's "file". One is divided into left: one, ten, one hundred, thousand... ; Right: ten, ten, one thousand, ten thousand... . Imagine a thousand and eight hundred years ago, an algorithm that would be the same in principle as it is in the modern era, and a thousand years of unfading "knowledge". The abacus culture in the new era, therefore, is to wake up, we must continue to explore their existing Chinese abacus calculation the spirit of traditional culture resources, make the abacus calculation in the construction of culture in the future high-tech era culture coruscate gives the eternal charm.

Involved and reach, because I learned shallow, only to discover the abacus culture spirit resources to stay on the surface, to carry forward the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, strengthen the abacus cultural consciousness, establish the abacus cultural self-confidence, promote cultural awakening the abacus, arouse the enthusiasm for your colleagues to discuss and improve the development of the abacus.