Abacus abacus teaching method refers to the process of teaching teachers and students to achieve coach abacus teaching purposes, to complete the task of teaching abacus taken to teaching, learning, practicing general term for the three way interaction activities. Under the guidance of the theory of modern abacus education, science, rational selection and effective use of abacus teaching methods, expertly grasp the characteristics of various abacus teaching methods and to optimize the combination is to improve the efficiency of the fundamental teaching abacus . 

First, the principle of choice abacus teaching methods 

1, to reflect the concept of child-centered education 

Core abacus education is to develop children's intellectual potential, so the coach division every child should be based on the physiological, psychological, recognizing the level of development, learning ability and other characteristics, take personalized heuristic teaching methods, teacher-centered opposition to coach spoon, perfusion teaching model, to promote child-centered, so that children spontaneously active learning, highlighting interesting, comprehensive and activities, and promote further development of children get on the original cognitive level. 

2, to reflect the contents of abacus teaching requirements 

ABACUS is a puzzle skill disciplines, each lesson teaching content is not the same, if the coach division varied teaching methods can be employed depending on the course content, so that children do not feel boring, you can have a multiplier teaching effectiveness, to better accomplish the task of teaching abacus, abacus achieve teaching objectives. 

3, to reflect the age characteristics of children 

Abacus teaching was mainly targeted at children, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children aged 4 to 8 are pre-operational stage and the concrete operational stage period, children in this period to accept new things quickly, the image perception of the development of sensitive, mechanical memory capacity enhancement, curiosity, desire for knowledge is strong, muscular coordination, flexibility and enhanced with the eyes, but concentrate on shorter, need to continue to mobilize the child's interest in learning, or transform learning content. The abacus teaching content of each lesson will involve listening abacus, mental arithmetic listen, painting beads, like other forms of science if they can accurately grasp the age characteristics of children, targeted selection or adjust teaching methods, the will greatly enhance the abacus learning. 

4, to reflect the division's own quality coach 

Coach division in the choice abacus teaching methods, but also according to their actual strengths, weaknesses, choose the most suitable teaching methods. If the coach division, said, sing, dance, art, piano, etc. have expertise on their strengths can be integrated into the teaching process to make children feel relaxed environment in the merging of art and mental arithmetic, like teaching children from the first division coach, and then taught like her abacus, showing the coach's personality and mental arithmetic teacher teaching charm. 

Second, the choice of teaching methods abacus 

An interest in the induction method 

Interest is a powerful driving force for children to learn abacus, with the interest of children will enjoy learning, learn abacus. Children love new and interesting things, abacus is a skill discipline, a certain amount of practice required the passage of time the child will feel boring, tired, lose freshness start contact. Coach division should fully take this into account, when teaching the songs, riddles, stories, games, singing, aerobics, etc. into the abacus teaching, or use a flip chart, kind, cards, dolls and other visual aids in teaching abacus, or using a variety of modern audio-visual teaching methods slides, projectors, DV and other interested induce children abacus. 

2, intentionally introduced into France 

As the saying goes:. "Half good start, the success of" grasp the importance of introducing abacus lessons, coach division import method to utilize the teaching content of this lesson, so that children learn the first time to enter the state. Import form abacus lessons are: �� story import, designed to fascinating stories, including content-related knowledge and teaching, so that children can focus attention will want to hear; �� import speech, speech to be concise, straightforward, tell children under step how to do, what requirements; �� exercises import, conducted at the beginning of the class reading direct lightning, lightning knowledge beads, listen to mental arithmetic, listening to Abacus and other exercises to mobilize the active participation of all children; �� game import, the new courses or other review content designed to game activities, both active in the classroom atmosphere, and also allows children to gain knowledge from the game; �� multimedia import, courseware design interesting, let children enter a world of sound and color, will become colorful abacus classroom; �� review import, known by the old review then leads to new knowledge to meet the old Kai new teaching effectiveness import old linked. 

3, visual presentation method 

In the abacus teaching, visual presentation is a commonly used method of teaching methods. Traditional teaching aids mostly abacus, a blackboard, pictures and other presentations, along with multimedia technology in teaching abacus applications in the field, and intuitive presentation method becomes diverse and flexible, vivid, more in line with the image of the learning characteristics of children thinking stage of development. If the coach division traditional teaching aids and multimedia technology can combine cross-presentation, can enhance the attractiveness of children, but also improve the effectiveness of teaching. For example, when Professor fingering coach division, first abacus demonstration, so that children perceive the image of the action, to form the correct dial bead movement, then the dynamic process of counting beads Multimedia presentations children incomprehensible, by slowing down, freeze and other measures to deepen the impression of movement . 

4, teacher-student interaction France 

Teacher-student interaction refers abacus teaching process, occurring in mutual exchange and dialogue between coaches and teachers and children associated with the dynamic process of mutual influence and interaction. To better support the formation of such teaching atmosphere, the coach division in the teaching process, to fully display their teaching talent, coaching teachers agree that children from the heart. As the saying goes: "pro-teacher and the letter of its channel." First, we must learn to listen to the voices of children, coaches division to go under the podium, communicate more with the children, to observe, to understand the situation of children, into their world; secondly, interactive sessions to render diversity, you can use "little teacher", "little experts" and other forms allow children to carry out the roles were reversed with the teacher or coach under the guidance of multimedia courseware and children together to complete the abacus teaching content. Let the children feel the coach is not just teaching division, but also in science, is to grow together with them, learning, part of progress. 

5, induction extension method 

Abacus teaching content is there, such as make up, make up the number of learning is the basis for the completion of Abacus fingering learning content designed to follow the law. Coach division in the abacus teaching process to "teach side edges induction", will have the same content as a regular induction lesson summary at the end of each lesson, does not require children to memorize, but to deepen the impression of the kind of regularity child content . As shown in the number of moving beads law, education law is full of five plus Zhaobu number "4 + 1" to find one's complement of nine. When children have some mental arithmetic ability, coach division puzzle can be interspersed with some content in each lesson, such as the memory digital, graphics memory, memory symbols, mathematical applications, practice development, performance reporting, so that children experience learning beads practical value of mental arithmetic. 

6, individual guidance law 

Coach division to fully consider the differences that exist between the child and the uneven development of the individual, targeted to children learning abacus give different guidance and help. For example abacus teaching children more practical operation, often on the method of control is not in place, the coach division during his tour of the child to practice, identify problems and to provide timely corrected. Children who experience learning disabilities lead to depression, loss of confidence when, to give encouragement and support to help identify the cause, and then targeted communication and guidance. 

7, exercises to consolidate France 

Exercise is a necessary means to form a mental arithmetic skills and grasp. Coach division in the layout of practice, according to the different characteristics of the child's age and learning level, the skill level to determine the difficulty of the subject, the child gradual practice, engage in assault exercises, engage in sea tactical, gradually increase the skill levels . When arranged in practice pay attention to "quantity" and "law" of two factors. "Quantity" exercise amount, young children should not be arranged too much exercise, but the formation of beads like a certain amount of exercise they need, therefore, the "quantity" control in less than 30 minutes for children to successfully complete as well. "Law" complete exercise method, the child alone when doing exercises, usually appear one way or another problem at first, the best way is to ask the parents of children with counseling completed. 

Third, the optimal combination of abacus teaching methods 

Optimize the combination of teaching methods abacus abacus is fully consider teaching objectives, teaching content, teacher and coach children and other specific circumstances, to choose the most appropriate teaching methods, learning, integrated use. It demands a high coach division, in addition to a wealth of teaching experience, but also familiar with abacus subject characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various teaching methods known for the scope and objects. The following "five plus straight, straight cut," teaching for example, were discussed. 

Teaching objectives: 

1, knowledge and ability 

�� mastered five straight plus, minus direct dial bead abacus method; 

�� deepen the understanding of the composition of 6,7,8,9 counting beads; 

�� completed five straight increases, straight cut mental arithmetic. 

2, processes and methods 

�� through songs, games, review old knowledge; 

�� use abacus beads cards, number cards, cartoons, stickers, hand puppet and other aids to explore new knowledge; 

�� summarize the essentials dial beads; 

�� arranged exercises. 

3, modality and attitudes 

�� create a relaxed learning atmosphere; 

�� experience the joy of learning and achievement; 

�� themed children's interest in learning mental arithmetic. 

Above case, the main use of the visual presentation method (using the abacus beads cards, number of cards), intends to import method (hand puppet, stickers), interest induction method (games, hand puppet), inductive extension method (dial beads and essentials Summary experiential learning achievement), exercises to consolidate France (arranged exercises), teacher-student interaction France (mobilize the active participation of children) and other teaching. 

In short, the abacus teaching methods alone can not be applied abacus teaching, coaching division to make a conscious choice and combination of teaching methods, depending on the purpose and objective of teaching situations, can influence each other and make all kinds of penetration between teaching methods, so as to achieve complementary and mutually reinforcing, effectively improve the quality of teaching abacus. 

     Source: Military School of Economics